Sunday, December 29, 2019

Jesus Is Jesus The Only Savior - 1123 Words

Analysis Many today struggle with the Christian teaching that the only way to salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ. There are a variety of alternatives offered, notably pluralism and inclusivism. In the second half of his book Is Jesus the Only Savior? Dr. Ronald Nash addresses the teaching of inclusivism, comparing its claims with the claims of orthodox Christianity and evaluating the merits of those claims. It is the purpose of this analysis to evaluate his rebuttal of inclusivism as presented in chapters 7-11 of Is Jesus the Only Savior?. Dr. Nash approaches this discussion with a masterful command of the subject. He earned a PhD in Philosophy at Syracuse University, going on to serve as a professor for over forty years. According to the biographical information given on the back cover of our text, he â€Å"served twenty-seven years as professor of philosophy and department chairperson at Western Kentucky University† and has authored or edited â€Å"more than twenty-five books.† In addition, Dr. Nash was professor of philosophy at both Reformed Theological Seminary and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. His wide-ranging scholarship addresses topics such as faith and reason, liberation theology, social justice, and St. Augustine’s theory of knowledge. This background enables Dr. Nash to engage in this issue with both philosophical clarity and historical perspective. While Dr. Nash does not claim to be a New Testament scholar, he demonstrates a clear familiarity with theShow MoreRelatedIs Jes us The Only Savior?761 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Ronald Nash’s book Is Jesus the Only Savior? seeks to explain or shed light on this question that has puzzled many in previous generations as well as ours. The resounding answer that comes forth from his arguments is â€Å"yes,† Jesus is the only savior of humankind. He starts by taking into account the three schools of thought associated with this controversial question. These are Pluralism, Inclusivism, and Exclusivism. The first six chapters of the book deals with Pluralism, which canRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior?758 Words   |  4 PagesIs Jesus the only Savior? This question does not seem to come up in daily conversation with true believers. John 14:6, â€Å"Jesus told him, â€Å"I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.† Ronald H. Nash was a professor and writer for over 40 years. Nash wrote â€Å"this book to examine three competing views, identifies some of their major proponents, and explains why they believe as they do, with a view to determining which is true.† (Nash, 1994, p. 9). AnalysisRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior?1807 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Ronald H. Nash’s book, Is Jesus the Only Savior? , explores three competing views, exclusivism, pluralism and inclusivism, of salvation and Christ as Savior. Nash is a Christian exclusivist, who believes in the Trinity and the inerrancy of Scripture. He does not deviate from his Christian worldview of exclusivism or from the Orthodox belief, â€Å"The Bible is God’s special revelation inscripturated.† In part two of the book, Nash states his purpose, â€Å"to examine specific disagreements betweenRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior? Essay2166 Words   |  9 PagesIs Jesus the Only Savior? Ronald Nash, a prolific writer, and apologist. Nash received his PhD from Syracuse University, and was a professor of multiple theological classes at Western Kentucky University, Reformed Theological Seminary, and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In addition, he taught Philosophy, Religion, and Spirituality. Nash resume speaks for itself. With his experience, and knowledge he exemplifies this in his great book, Is Jesus the Only Savior? He presents this bookRead MoreThe Pluralistic View : Is Jesus The Only Savior?1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pluralistic View: Is Jesus the Only Savior? Jesus said to him, â€Å"I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. Is Jesus really the only Savior for the whole world? Some may find this ludicrous. How does one man save an entire creation? In addition to that, the only way for one to be saved is to go through Him. On the other hand if you were to ask any Christian this question, of course the answer would be â€Å"yes, Jesus is the only Way.† As for those who mayRead MoreA Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesLiberty University A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† AN ANALYSIS PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Daniel Light, PhD IN COMPLETION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR Theology 313 BY Gabriel Lopez Lynchburg, Virginia June 18, 2012 Introduction The title of Nash’s book is fitting for the content in which it contains. One will not find the traditional arguments that come with Soteriology. Initially, the author thought that he would be reading a book that covers a topic that hadRead MoreEssay A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior†2249 Words   |  9 Pages A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† Chapters 1-6: Pluralism by Ronald H. Nash Justin W. Cullen Theology 313 July 29, 2012 Analysis Ronald H. Nash begins his book responding the position of pluralism in regards to the exclusivity of Jesus Christ, mainly directed at John Hick, who was a leading proponent of pluralism until his death earlier this year. Nash was an evangelical Baptist theologian and apologist, who subscribed to the Calvinist tradition. Within his book, Nash tacklesRead MoreWrights Visions of Jesus in his Book, Who Was Jesus958 Words   |  4 Pages16:15). Two thousand years ago, Jesus asked his followers. â€Å"Who he really was?† Tom Wright, who lives in 21st century, asks again. In this book, Wright puts the reader on a time machine and brings them back to Palestine, 1st century and starts the story of â€Å"historical Jesus†. Wright directly goes into the Gospels and talks about Jesus. Put down the ambition of Jews, take away the mystery of history, break the rule of religion, and at the moment when you realize about Jesus’ real desire, we finally canRead More The Man Who Died by D.H. Lawrence - A Blasphemous Work Essay examples1618 Words   |  7 Pagesin depicting a Jesus diversified from the biblical Jesus. Although the novella does not refer to Jesus’ name itself, it is conspicuous throughout the short story that the man who died is in fact the messiah. The novella commences with the savior resurrecting into life after a â€Å"long sleep†, referring to the messiah’s execution. As the novella progresses, Jesus revolutionizes into a mundane human being repudiating his former lifestyle. Throughout the novella, the reade r sees a Jesus that is analogousRead MoreI Surrender All Essay563 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"I Surrender All† means to give everything to Jesus. There will come a time in one’s life to submit your will to Jesus daily. After trying to fix the situation or make necessary changes in life, we can’t live without Jesus. Jesus is the key to true happiness. As we surrender ourselves to him, we are giving Jesus permission to make changes and alteration to our lives. The song is filled with poetic language. The author was able to reveal his love to Jesus in a graceful expression. The language chosen

Friday, December 20, 2019

Professional Issues Behavior Management Policy - 2074 Words

1.0 Introduction This report is based on my role as a teacher assistant and how I in my duty support the ethos, vision and mission statement of my school with particular regards to a specific whole-school policy area. KPI 1 stresses on managing a child’s behaviour and relates it with the Behaviour Management Policy which I will further discuss in my essay. 1.1 Professional Background I developed the interest to be a teacher in the early age of 12 when I observed my much-loved teacher conducting her lessons. Upon completion of my SPM (a Malaysian qualification equivalent to â€Å"O† Level), I took up A-Levels in Arts as guided by a few career counsellors to be the pathway of being a teacher. Then, I came across a great†¦show more content†¦Through the use of best practices in teaching and learning, International School X educates, motivates and inspires students in a challenging environment enabling them to realise their potential. This school is committed to raise the standard of education not only within the group itself but also in ASEAN and beyond. 2.4 Ethos According to The Free Dictionary by Farlex, ‘ethos defines the disposition, character, or fundamental values peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement.’ I agree with this definition as it relates to the school’s ethos, vision, and mission. One of the core values of this school is promoting student-centred learning. Students are encouraged to do their own research for learning purposes as well as to reflect on their personal experiences. Student-centred learning is now a part of the school ethos or cultural-educational environment. 2.5 Whole-school policy I have chosen behaviour management policy as my topic for this assignment. This policy is related with KPI 1- contribute to the management of pupil behaviour. According to Valley of Tumaini Children’s home Behaviour Management policy, the aim of behaviour management policy is ‘to give all children the opportunity to expand their experiences of life in aShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Ethics, Prevention And Protection1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Security professional is a must to understand the law and ethics, prevention and protection, security issues and controlling the risk associated with the programs. The report would present the governance, policies, the implementation and procedures and the standards ensures the security of the organization. The main aim is to control the risk to an extent, so the organization can withstand and protect the organization assets from being attacked are very crucial and while working with the sensitiveRead MoreBoard Conflict At The Crescent City Nursing Center1279 Words   |  6 Pagesand the board of directors: (a) personal and professional relationships between board of directors, CEO, management, staff members and residents; (b) professional responsibilities of the CEO and board of directors; (c) the roles an d behaviors of the CEO, board of directors, and management; and (d) the organization s official and operational goals. All of these factors have a direct effect on the relationship between the board and executive management (American College of Healthcare [ACH], 2004)Read MoreAn Unethical Behavior Among Its Nursing Staff1404 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Statement: Pleasant Valley Memorial hospital is experiencing unethical behavior among its nursing staff. Nursing Manager Susan manages the intensive care unit (NICU). Repeatedly, Susan encounters the NICU nurses allowing their personal beliefs to influence behavioral work norms and patient care. Dedicated nurses such as Nurse Pamela refuse to care for certain patients with lifestyles she opposes. Other nurses have mistreated a 16-year-old father of a baby under their care by ignoringRead MoreHr Functions and Organizational Ethics1261 Words   |  6 PagesResources professionals are responsible for several roles in the workplace, including implementing and managing policies, recruiting and retention, and training and development. The HR department is responsible for making sure that organizations conduct business ethically and that shareholders are treated ethically. The HR department must be able to monitor compliance with federal and state laws and regulations as well as monitor the cond uct of the organization. Implementing and managing policies isRead MoreHuman Resources Management Essays1699 Words   |  7 Pagesand assign them to jobs for which they are exceptionally well suited is a responsible job for human resource. Therefore, human resources management is done in all type of organizations. Profound management of people is equally indispensable in success of organizations as the sound management of production, finance, and other operations. The human resource management field postulates the infinite diversity of people and their dynamics (McKenzie Traynor, 2002). To get into this career field, one mustRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics : A New Organization994 Words   |  4 Pagesis at most importance that we strive to provide commitment, community and excellence here at Company X. These are our key beliefs that define our core values as individuals and as an organization. This Code of Ethics provides important issues and list policies and procedures to provid e assistance in making the appropriate decisions that supports our beliefs and is a reflection of our organization. Welcome to Company X, you ve joined a company on the rise, and we re glad you re now part of ourRead MoreThe Role of Information Security Policy Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesImplementation of policies and standards within an organization are important to maintain information systems security. Employees within an organization play a huge role in the effort to create, execute, and enforce a security policy. Every business requires a different strategy and approach to its security policy, depending on their size and nature of business. Security Policies An organizations security policy describes the companys management intent to control the behavior of their employeesRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective Management Strategies1683 Words   |  7 Pagestarget or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have addressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and reprisal for identifying abuse in the workplace† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin during undergraduate education and extend into the workplace after graduation (3), with new nursesRead MoreComponents Of A Risk Management Program1170 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasures to protect itself against clinical, financial and operational exposures. Risk management is the process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing systems to iden tify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in application to insurance in order to avert or minimizeRead MoreStudent Body Management : A Future High School Administrator1493 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Body Management As a future high school administrator I have come to find that due process may quite possibly be one of the most central facets of any disciplinary action plan. Issues in student management can lead to negative consequences if the plan is not completed appropriately. Due process is often referred to in both the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment states, â€Å" No State shall make of enforce any law which shall abridge

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Mozart Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Mozart Persuasive Essay Mozart was born on January 27th, 1756. He was born to Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. He had a sister named Maria Anna Mozart, who was also musically talented. Mozart was a young boy who showed talent from the beginning of his life. He never attended a proper school, which was a custom for children of that time. Instead of going to school, he was taught by his father who was a respectable man in Salzburg. His father held many professions such as concertmaster for the court orchestra of the Archbishop of Salzburg; violinist, composer and author. At the age of six, Mozart had become a performer on the clavier, violin, and organ. He was also skilled in sight-reading and improvisation. There are have piano pieces that were composed by Mozart when he was six years old and are still frequently played today. One of the pieces are Twinkle Twinkle. When hes sister was at the age of ten and he at the age of six, their father took them to Munich and Vienna to play a series of concerts. In 1763, Leopold Mozart took a leave from his position at Salzburg court to take his family on a tour of Western Europe. Mozart and his sister performed in the major musical centers, including Stuttgart, Mannheim, Mainz, Frankfurt, Brussels, Paris, London, and Amsterdam. The family did not return to Salzburg until 1766. During that period of time touring, Mozart began to compose longer pieces with more structure and skill in them. He completed his first symphony at the age of nine and publishing his first sonatas in the same year. In 1769, Mozart and his father left the rest of the family to tour Italy for more than a year. They spent sufficient time in Rome, Milan, Florence, Naples, and Bologna. Mozart got to experience the taste of another culture. During those years, Wolfgang completed an opera called Ro di Ponto, which was celebrated in Italy. The same year, Mozart was appointed concertmaster to the Archbishop of Salzburg, and later in the same here, the Pope made him a chevalier of the Order of the Golden Spur. He also completed his first German operetta called, Bastien une Bastienne, in the same year. At the age of fourteen, Mozart was commissioned to write a serious opera. This work was called, Mitridate, re di Ponto. While Mozart was touring in Italy, the Archbishop of Salzburg died, and Hieronymus, count von Colleredo was the successor. This man cared little for music, and looked down upon Mozart. After five years of composing music for almost no money, Mozart obtained a leave of absence for a concert tour. In 177, he left with his mother for Munich. The courts of Europe ignored the twenty-one year old composer in his search for a more congenial and rewarding appointment. This was hard for Mozart, and at the same period of time his mother fell ill. His father, Leopold order his wife and Mozart to go to Paris. In Paris on July 1779, his mother died. He returned to Salzburg in 1779 and composed two masses and numerous symphonies, sonatas, and concertos. His work started to gain a unique style, and a completely mature understanding of musical media. In 1781, Mozart has a success of an Italian opera series called, Idomeneo, re di Creta, prompted the new successor to the Archbishop of Salzburg to invite Mozart to his palace in Vienna. A series of court intrigues and his exploitation at the hands of the court soon forced Mozart to leave. Friends rented the house in Vienna for him, Mozart hoped to sustain him by teaching. During this time, he composed a singspiel called, The Adduction from Seraglio, which was requested by Emperor Joseph the Second in 1782. When the Mozart family made their tip to Italy in 1769, they were introduced to the Webers. Franz Weber was a musician from Austria, living in Italy. He has a wife and two children who were named Constanze and Aloysia. Mozart loved this family, but his father disliked them for some reason. Mozarts father didnt want Mozart to be around this family, but Mozart dismissed his fathers wishes for and consorted with the two girls often. Being old enough to go off on his own, the trips made to Italy were partly because of the Weber girls. After many letters between Mozart and the Weber girls, Mozart decided to ask Aloysia Weber for her hand in marriage. Mozarts father was furious at him and saying that the Weber girls would bring nothing but grief to his son, grief to his whole family. Mozart didnt care about what his father said and asked Aloysia to marry him, and she said yes. The wedding day of Aloysia and Mozart came along, and many people came to the ceremony; including Aloysias sister Constanze, and Mozarts father who came against his wishes. The wedding was looked like it could have gone perfect until Aloysia rejected the issued vows. Mozart was embarrassed, more so because his father had been proven right than because of his personal losses. For many years the Weber and Mozart families did not speak to each other. A year after the marriage incident, Mozart beings to once again visit the family, who have now moved to Vienna. On December 15th, 1781 Mozart informs his father on his marriage plans, and his father was enraged. He never liked his sons acquaintance with the Webers. Mozart thinks his father is being unfair about the whole matter, and leaves Salzburg for Vienna to be married. On August 4th, 1782 Mozart marries Aloysia in St. Stephens Cathedral. Mozarts father refuses his sons invitation to the wedding, so does Aloysia. The couple moved into a house in Vienna together and had six children, two of which survived. The two surviving children were named Franz Xavier, and Karl Thomas Mozart. Sickness and poverty plague the family until the day of Mozarts death. Seven years after Mozarts death, Constanze married another man. Mozart and his family moved often in Vienna. Prior to his marriage, Mozart moved to the house called, Zum roten Sabel, where he had lived as a twelve-year old. A few months later, he lived at Wipplingerstrasse 14, at Kohlmarkt 7, and at Judenplatz 3-4. In 1784, Mozart moved to one of the most representative houses in Vienna called, Trattnerhof. At the ceremonial hall of the Trattnerhof house, Mozarts piano concertos K449, 450, and 451 were premiered. Mozarts only home in Vienna preserved until today is the Figarohaus, which is located behind St. Stephens Cathedral. Mozart lived there from October 1784 until April 1787. Its where he played his most mature compositions. Joseph Haydn paid visited here; Mozart dedicated six string quartets to him. Mozart Becomes a Freemason In December 1784, Mozart became an apprentice in the Masonic lodge called, Zur Wohltatigkeit. In this lodge, he became a visiting brother. After a month, he became a journeyman. His Masonic compositions are his contributions to certain Masonic celebrations. From January 1786, Mozart was a member of the lodge called, Zur Neugekronten Hoffnung. The Death of a Genius: Mozart was an extremely talented man who died at a very young age. Many different rumors were circulated about his death. Many of people even accused his long time rival Aontonio Salieri of murder. These allegations were not pursued, but to this day, no one knows the cause of his death. Some scientists say that he had Typhoid fever, others claim that rheumatic inflammatory fever was the cause of his death; but the secret of his death will never are known. On the said day, Marie-Anna Partl, aged 57 years, wife of Leopold Mozart, maitre de chapelle at Salzburg, Bavaria, who died yesterday at Rue du Groschenet, has been interred in the cemetery in the presence of Wolfgang Amedee Mozart, her son, and of Francois Heina, trumpeter in the light cavalry in the Royal Guard, a friend.Words/ Pages : 3,850 / 24

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Poetry assignment Essay Example For Students

Poetry assignment Essay You will be asked to compose some poetry that follows specific rules. Poetry assignment: present an anthology of your poetry written this term. In other words, type all the poems youve written this term and submit them for marking. Print them out, hand them in. Title your anthology The Collected Poems of Your collection should contain the following (please note that extension students refers to all OFF students and those aspiring to an A): One Imitation poem (also, write a paragraph naming the poem you have imitated and the ways in which you have imitated it e. . Hymen scheme, length, number of syllables per line etc. ); One response poem (also, write a paragraph naming the poem you have responded to and describing how your poem responds to it e. G. Does it criticism the other poem? Does it agree or disagree with the argument or ideas in the other poem? Is it a sequel or a prequel to the other poem? Is It about the same topic? Etc. ); A Shakespearean sonnet that follows all the rul es of a Shakespearean sonnet. (Extension students must write in iambic pentameter. At the end of your poem, Indicate which lines are not strictly In Iambic pentameter. ; A Belleville that follows all the rules of a Belleville; Free verse poem that is one page long (minimum of 30 lines). (Extension students must follow at least two rules and write a short paragraph regarding the rules you have followed. L; Five haiku with your Japanese pseudonym (choose three of your haiku poems and write one paragraph for each of the three, so that you have a total of five haiku and a total of three paragraphs. In your paragraphs, discuss how youve followed the three rules of haiku); Extension students only: write a sestina that follows all the rules of a sestina. Extension students: Sestina A sestina Is a poem consisting of 6 sestets and one trace. Sestina follows a specific rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme below: FACADE FEEDBACK CABLE CHAFED DECADE BEEFED ACE Easier to read: FACADE PADDED CABLE CHAFED DECADE ACE Remember that capital letters mean that each A is the same word, each B is the same word etc. So, if line A ends with the word night, each line A must end with night. If line B ends with the word eat, each line B must end with eat. If the rhyme scheme is unclear, read the examples below for clarification. It really is as simple as that! There are no other rules. Here is one tip: do not get sucked into ending a phrase or sentence at the end of each line. In the first stanza, your A line might be: He lifted it with all his might. In the second stanza, your A line might continue on from your F line, end the sentence, and then begin a new sentence. Students often fall into the trap of thinking that they are not allowed to end a line in the middle of a sentence. For example, in the second stanza, your A line might continue: what to do. He thought he might You A word may be might but you can use the word in difference contexts (the word might can mean strong or the word might can mean a possibility). You will notice that Elizabeth Bishop does this in her sestina, quoted below. The first sestina is by a familiar poet, Ezra Pound. This sestina is perhaps the most famous in the English language. It used to be, and perhaps is still, considered the best sestina in the English language. It is a dramatic monologue, which means that a character is speaking all the words in the poem. That character is a medieval warlord. He is frustrated by a period of peace and he longs for the battles of war, which he loves so much. Ezra Pound said that a poem about such a thing cannot be all that important. What do you think? .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .postImageUrl , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:hover , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:visited , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:active { border:0!important; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:active , .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2 .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d19909c14569173ee1a999f967acfe2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The message Of The Play EssayStandards = flags Detesters = war horses Stout = conflict Bawd = a female companion Sestina: Alternate by Ezra Pound Liqueur: En Bertrand De Born. The scene in at his castle, Alternate. Device of Richard (C;our De Lion). Papilla is his Jongleurs. The Leopard, the Damn it all! All this our South stinks peace. You whereon dog, Papilla, come! Lets to music! I have no life save when the swords clash. But ah! When I see the standards gold, fair, purple, opposing And the broad fields innate them turn crimson, Then howl I my heart nigh mad with rejoicing. In hot summer have I great rejoicing When the tempests kill the earths foul peace, And the lightnings from black heaven flash crimson, And the fierce thunders roar me their music And the winds shriek through the clouds mad, opposing, And through all the river skies Gods swords clash. Hell grant soon we hear again the swords clash! And the shrill neighs of detesters in battle rejoicing, Spiked breast to spiked breast opposing! Better one hours stout than a years peace With fat boards, bawds, wine and frail music! Bah! Theres no wine like the bloods crimson! And I love to see the sun rise blood-crimson. And I watch his spears through the dark clash And it fills all my heart with rejoicing And pries wide my mouth with fast music When I see him so scorn and defy peace, His lone might against all darkness opposing. The man who fears war and squats opposing My words for stout, hath no blood of crimson But is fit only to rot in womanish peace Far from where worths won and the swords clash For the death of such sluts I go rejoicing; Yea, I fill all the air with my music. Papilla, Papilla, to the music! Theres no sound like to swords swords opposing, No cry like the battles rejoicing When our elbows and swords drip the crimson And our charges against The Leopards rush clash. May God damn for ever all who cry Peace! And let the music of the swords make them crimson! Hell blot black for always the thought Peace! In the next poem, you will notice that the trace does not follow our rhyme scheme. That is because the poet is a professional who experiments frequently. We must strictly follow the rhyme scheme. I strongly suggest that you listen to this poem being dead aloud much easier to get. I provided a link on the website. A Miracle for Breakfast, by Elizabeth Bishop At six oclock we were waiting for coffee, waiting for coffee and the charitable crumb that was going to be served from a certain balcony like kings of old, or like a miracle. It was still dark. One foot of the sun steadied itself on a long ripple in the river. The first ferry of the day had Just crossed the river. It was so cold we hoped that the coffee would be very hot, seeing that the sun was not going to warm us; and that the crumb would be a loaf each, buttered, by a miracle. At seven a man stepped out on the balcony. He stood for a minute alone on the balcony looking over our heads toward the river. A servant handed him the makings off miracle, consisting of one lone cup of coffee and one roll, which he proceeded to crumb, his head, so to speak, in the cloudsalong with the sun. Was the man crazy? What under the sun was he trying to do, up there on his balcony! Each man received one rather hard crumb, which some flicked scornfully into the river, and, in a cup, one drop of the coffee. Some of us stood around, waiting for the miracle. I can tell what I saw next; it was not a miracle. .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .postImageUrl , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:hover , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:visited , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:active { border:0!important; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:active , .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8 .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u140204fadfcc09e56fc404f1b31ec2e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Household Gods EssayA beautiful villa stood in the sun and from its doors came the smell of hot coffee. In front, a baroque white plaster balcony added by birds, who nest along the river, and galleries and marble chambers. My crumb my mansion, made for me by a miracle, through ages, by insects, birds, and the river working the stone. Every day, in the sun, at breakfast time I sit on my balcony with my feet up, and drink gallons of coffee. We licked up the crumb and swallowed the coffee. A window across the river caught the sun as if the miracle were working, on the wrong balcony.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Terrorism Towards An Understanding Essay Example For Students

Terrorism Towards An Understanding Essay Terrorism Towards an UnderstandingCriminology 413January 24, 2000AssignmentTerrorism Towards an UnderstandingI am in complete disagreement with Corrado and Cohens theory of political terrorism. I believe that political terrorism is committed by dominant, aggressive males in positions of power, acting with other dominant, aggressive males for more power, money, or status, and without regard to the spiritual nature of human kind. I believe that dividing political terrorism into state or anti state terrorism, does not get to the root cause of terrorism. To uncover the true cause of terrorism, I believe involves identifying motive and personalities of those terrorizing. In most cases it is dominant, aggressive males who hold positions of power in either the political, economic, or military arenas, and who manipulate events to suite themselves, e.g., Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, and in more recent times, Slobodon Milosovic. Those that fight against dominance and aggression, I believe shou ld be called revolutionaries. For example, the Irish Republican Army. The North of Ireland harboured a protestant streak of dominant, aggressive males, who in attempt to hang on to power, unleashed the horrific events of Bloody Sunday, and many other uncalled for acts of aggression. These acts where sanctioned by politicians, in both the North of Ireland and England, who acted in conjunction with both the Royal Ulster Constabulary, and the British Army. On Bloody Sunday, the British soldiers deliberately aimed and killed young men, they believed most likely to be members of the Irish Republican Army, at the peaceful, albeit illegal, demonstration. all the deceased where men, and nine of them were under the age of 25. It was an effort to stop what has almost come to pass. A fair assembly of politicians, who represent all layers and fabrics of the society. The event is still under review.The actions of the Irish Republican Army has eventually destroyed the positions of power that the dominant, aggressive males abused. But I do not believe that we should label those who fought for a better life as terrorists.People who put their lives on the line for true justice, I believe should be referred to as a Revolutionaries. We will write a custom essay on Terrorism Towards An Understanding specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We are exposed to new conflicts now, almost on a daily basis, and no two situations are ever identical. This makes the breakdown of a typology extremely difficult.The typology which defines political terrorism, according to Corrado and Cohen, has eleven different categories, in order to encompass all of the different situations. These typologies may be useful in a security setting, but in order to get to the bottom of the problem, I believe that rather than complicating the issue with many meanings, it should instead be simplified and attributed to one of two choices. Either acts of dominant aggressive personalities, for selfish gain, or for the achievement of human rights. It does seem that most of the state terrorism, would fall into the category of actions by a dominant, aggressive male, whereas the majority of anti state terrorism can be attributed to actions of revolutionaries seeking justice. A good example of this perhaps could be the recent events in E. Timor.Taken one step f urther, we could distinguish all actions as either taken for personal gain or selfish motives, or actions taken from a spiritual base, which concerns itself with the furthering of humanity through acts of genuine, long term initiatives for peace and harmony. And which sometimes requires revolutionary tactics. This discipline, along with history, sociology, psychology, and political science, struggle to structure the chaos in our world, in an attempt to bring understanding and closure to the problems that threaten to destroy us. In history actions of the dominant, aggressive males speak for themselves, for example, WWI and WWII. One would be hard pressed to deny that if you look for a conflict, anywhere in the world, 99.9% of the time, a male leader, along with others males in positions of power, are most likely responsible. This trend extends far into the past. Like Israel for example. Taken over by the Holy Roman Empire, the inhabitants became displaced because they did not follow the teachings of the Holy Roman Empire. Another ethnic group moved into Israel, and we are left with the mess we see today. .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .postImageUrl , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:hover , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:visited , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:active { border:0!important; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:active , .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028 .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71972d1c47e605f99494605e12ed5028:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: F. Scott Fitzgerald Essaythe process of terrorism is in a constant state of changeTypologies may increase our understanding of terrorism, but each terrorist incident must be understood in its specific social, historical, and political circumstances. Under these conditions, Crozier, Bell, Wilkinson, along with Corrado and Cohen, struggle against insurmountable odds, to conclusively define terrorism. Many of these methods for classifying or identifying different forms of terrorism have categorised, and eased understanding. For example, Crozier devised six types of terrorist groups ranging from right-wing fascism, to revolutionary left-wing behaviour and anarchy. It is a much simpler typology than that put forth by Corrado and Cohen.. Corrado and Cohens typology does not, as Crozier does, make reference to a pathological group. I agree with Corrado and Cohen, and believe that there is no room in a terrorist definition or typology, for mental illness. Although I view many dominant, aggressive males as sick people, categorizing them as pathological, is more a reflection of the system that enabled them to get into power in the first place. For example, Hitler wrote and spoke about outrageous acts of racism that should have categorized him as mentally ill, but rather the system failed and he progressed into a dictatorial leader who was partly responsible for WWII.I use Hitler as an example because he typifies the rarity of a dominant, aggressive male acting alone. Hitler was surrounded by dominant aggressive males that helped him to further his ideology. Croziers typology is much simpler than Corrado and Cohens. But Croziers typology has made the work of se curity much easier by hinting at the background and goals of terrorists. For example, a neofascist movement would most likely include some sort of ethnic cleansing such as we witnessed in WWII and the Jews. A minority nationalist group however, would be striving for a different political system or changes to a system that they see as unfair.This understanding can prompt a different kind of security response. The downfall of Croziers typology is that it has become dated, and I find it is too vague in that each of the six categories, could indeed have sub categories, that would be more specific, such as Corrado and Cohens typology. As it is explained in the book the nature of response is determined to some extent by the structure of the group causing the problem. Bell sets out six types of terrorism in an effort to simplify what response would be necessary. In Bells typology he includes acts of the mentally ill, such as the psychotic. And, again I disagree that this category should be included. However, I do find that Bells definition of revolutionary terror, is perhaps is the most descriptive of actions that I would consider taken for just cause. He uses words such as organizational, allegiance, functional, provocative, manipulative, and symbolic gestures to explain the forms of revolutionary terror. But these words do little to arouse a feeling of dominance, and aggression. Instead, it seems to me, they invoke a structure to classify the underlying actions of a revolution. Bell believes that media stories of terrorism, or politicians referring to terrorism, is in fact a reference to revolutionary terror. Bells typology is closer in a sense, to Corrado and Cohen, because it breaks down revolutionary terror into different forms, much as Corrado and Cohen have done. Bell suggests, that much like Corrado and Cohen, these types may overlap. His theory is, as was Croziers, helpful in security situations because it identifies the reasons behind the actions, such as e ndemic terrorism, which he describes as internal struggle. I am not sure if the revolutionary type activity described as behavioural change through fear, represents people becoming revolutionaries due to fearful or oppressive regimes, or that the revolutionaries instigate fear in order to bring change to the society. I also disagree with Bell including a criminal type of terrorism, because I see crime as different from terrorism, and prompting a different response. His forms of revolutionary terror is similar to Corrado and Cohens anti state terrorism. For example, single issue terrorism could also describe functional terrorism, i.e. to accomplish goals and missions of a group. And, provocative, manipulative, and symbolic forms of revolutionary terror are tactics used by ideological and ethnic national forms of anti state terrorism. However, although he strives to identify forms of revolutionary terror he does not confine the definitions to state or anti state, except in the provoca tive definition. Whereas Corrado and Cohen separate the two. .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .postImageUrl , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:hover , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:visited , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:active { border:0!important; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:active , .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9505fabc5998b8b32ff3136ea60383e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role Of The Department Of Homeland SecurityIt must be obvious that some revolutions are necessary in order to bring about a, usually long overdue, change. The French Revolution of 1848, which mirrors the conflict in the North of Ireland in some ways, would today be classified as acts of terrorism. But the people who turned to violence against the government, were called revolutionaries, not terrorists, and I feel this in a way bolsters my opinion that there should be a separation of motives, before we can identify a pure political terrorist act. In Paul Wilkinsons typology, I noticed he also included an area of criminal activity linked to terrorism, which I previously ment ioned disagreeing with. Wilkinson agreed however that it is important to distinguish criminal terrorism from their political counterparts.Wilkinson also agrees with Corrado and Cohen that it is important to distinguish between external and internal terrorism. He sees political terrorism in its most common form as internal state power used to frighten citizens into obedience. He sees state sponsored terrorism as a tactic used in international conflict. He also describes nationalist and revolutionary categories, which mean to gain political independence from a colonial power or to change the ethnic composition of an existing government without changing the ideological structure. Or changing the political ideology of a social or political unit. I believe these categories are similar to my theory of revolutionary actions. His typology is not as in-depth or self explanatory as Corrado and Cohens typology. But does point to a revolutionary element, which I believe is important to distingu ish. Of all the typologies I prefer Corrado and Cohens. It attempts to cover all avenues of violence and also attempts to give the reasoning behind it. Although I still disagree with actions of revolutionaries, such as the IRA, being referred to as terrorism. Corrado and Cohens typology does break down areas that have been previously left untouched.Such as formal and informal state terrorism. However, I still believe that all actions of violence today, are generated for the causes set out in my dominant, aggressive male theory. This theory has carried me through many essays, and I still believe, that although it has not been fully developed, it goes a long way in explaining events in our world. The theory is not a feminist theory, in that it does not believe that all men are dominant and aggressive. Quite to the contrary, dominant and aggressive males are responsible for killing many more men, than women as was evidenced in both the slaughterhouses of WWI and WWII. It is dominant aggressi ve males that I speak out against in protection of the world as a whole, and not as a female dominated arena. This theory speaks out against any acts of dominance and aggression, and wishes to identify those responsible for these acts, in an effort to stop them from happening. I do not wish to see the world run by women, but I do wish to see dominant aggressive males removed from power, and replaced with men and women whose values include the preciousness of life, and the importance of a non-violent society. Bibliography1. Corrado, Raymond and Cohen, Irwin. (2000). Terrorism. Simon Fraser University,Spring 2000. 2. Mullan, Don. (1997). Eyewitness Bloody Sunday. Ireland: Wolfhound Press Ltd. 3. White, Jonathan R. (1998). Terrorism. United States of America: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Social Issues

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Countries With Multiple Capital Cities

Countries With Multiple Capital Cities Twelve countries around the world have multiple capital cities for a variety of reasons. Most split administrative, legislative, and judicial headquarters between two or more cities. Benin Porto-Novo is the official capital of Benin but Cotonou is the seat of government. Bolivia The administrative capital of Bolivia is La Paz while the legislative and judicial (also known as constitutional) capital is Sucre. Cote dIvoire In 1983, President Felix Houphouet-Boigny moved the capital of Cote dIvoire from Abidjan to his hometown of Yamoussoukro. This made the official capital Yamoussoukro but many government offices and embassies (including the United States) remain in Abidjan. Israel In 1950, Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as their capital city. However, all countries (including the United States) maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv-Jaffa, which was Israels capital from 1948 to 1950. Malaysia Malaysia has moved many administrative functions from Kuala Lumpur to a suburb of Kuala Lumpur called Putrajaya. Putrajaya is a new high-technology complex 25 km (15 miles) south of Kuala Lumpur. The Malaysian government has relocated administrative offices and the Prime Ministers official residence. Nonetheless, Kuala Lumpur remains the official capital. Putrajaya is part of a regional Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). The MSC itself is also home to Kuala Lumpur International Airport and the Petronas Twin Towers. Myanmar On Sunday, November 6, 2005 civil servants and government officials were ordered to move immediately from Rangoon to a new capital, Nay Pyi Taw (also known as Naypyidaw) 200 miles north. While governmental buildings in Nay Pyi Taw had been under construction for more than two years, its construction was not widely publicized. Some report the timing of the move was related to astrological recommendations. The transition to Nay Pyi Taw continues so both Rangoon and Nay Pyi Taw retain capital status. Other names might be seen or used to represent the new capital and nothing is solid as of this writing. Netherlands Though the legal (de jure) capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, the actual (de facto) seat of government and residence of the monarchy is The Hague. Nigeria The capital of Nigeria was officially moved from Lagos to Abuja in December 2, 1991 but some offices remain in Lagos. South Africa South Africa is a very interesting situation as it has three capitals. Pretoria is the administrative capital, Cape Town is the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein is the home of the judiciary. Sri Lanka Sri Lanka has moved the legislative capital to Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, a suburb of the official capital in Colombo. Swaziland Mbabane is the administrative capital and Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital. Tanzania Tanzania officially designated its capital as Dodoma but only the legislature meets there, leaving Dar es Salaam as the de facto capital city.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Letter of Inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter of Inquiry - Essay Example I remember your performance when you were the head of the district education department before your term expired in 2011. There were several challenges the education sector incurred, but you being the head of the department managed to overcome the challenges. It is clear that your profile is far much envied by many as you managed to chair and equitably allocate the over 1 million fund donated by the non-governmental organization. Being the director and the owner of the brook house schools, am delighted with no doubt that you are the best adviser to show us the way since we are still young in leadership. Due to late allocation of funds to schools by the government, I am afraid to tell you that we cannot provide transportation, lodging and meals while you attend our function. We therefore, as an association, have planned an after function trip to the national archives and museums to mark our first anniversary. You are therefore asked to come along with two of your family members to enjoy this trip to the historical

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Evolution of Western corn rootworm population Essay

Evolution of Western corn rootworm population - Essay Example The characteristic that has allowed some Western corn root worm populations to become resistant to corn - soybean- corn rotation is that they produce higher levels of special class proteinases (cathepsin-L) that respond to soybeans defenses (Yates, 2012). Darwin’s theory of natural selection states that evolutionary change occurs when individuals produce variations in each generation and differential ways of survival by combining these variable characters. Individuals with variable characteristics, which increase their chances of survival, will have more opportunities to reproduce and their offspring will benefit from these advantageous characteristics. Similar to this theory, the western corn rootworm has evolved to produce enzymes in their gut that has enabled them to become resistant to corn-soybean-corn rotation. The enzymes inhibitors enables them to survive for two to three days in the soybeans fields which is enough for some of rootworms to lay eggs, when corns are planted in the same fields the rootworm larvae feeds on the corn roots. The modern view of evolution as a change in allele frequencies defines evolution as not only the development of new species from older ones but also the small changes within species from generation to generation-over long periods. Similarly, the western corn rootworm has been able to produce special class proteinases over long period of time, these small changes have enabled them to survive on soybean

Monday, November 18, 2019

Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 - Movie Review Example His life is lived apart from his two sons and having to deal with such predicament of disrespectful grandchildren. As an embittered veteran of the Korean War, he is widowed by his wife whose last wishes were for Walt was confession and retirement to his ill-feelings towards â€Å"other† people. For Walt’s, he trusts no one but his M-1 rifle which he makes it clean all the time and Daisy, his Labrador. Walt, an old man, is described as an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions. Walt Kowalski had no choice but to live surrounded by Hmong immigrants whom he despises greatly when all his neighbors have gone or transferred to another place. His prejudice over the Southeast Asian people is shown through his resentment in everything he sees about them which are foreign to him. He hates most the teenagers who belong to gangs of Hmong and Latino and African-American youth who think and act as if the whole neighborhood is their possession. The Hmong, who live next door, along with gang bangers roaming around the streets, displeases Walt. In one evening, when Thao, a member of Hmong settlers, steals Walt’s 1972 Gran Torino prized possession to please the gang he wished to join. Equipped with his prejudgment among those people, Walt abhors their lack of morals. Then he discovers that Thao’s cousin, who is among the gang, compels Thao to steal his vintage car as an initiation. Thao’s family make amends by insisting him to work for Walt. As much as possible, Walt resented any dealings with the immigrants but he was forced to accept which eventually led to a deeper relationship with them as the days go by. Later development made Walt realize the warmth and love of the Hmongs. He discovers and realizes certain truths about them due to their continued kindness. The Hmongs were provincial refugees in the past. Now becomes his friends and a defender of them too. Universal adage says, â€Å"there’s always a second chance.’ In the film,

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Customer Supply Chain Business Essay

The Customer Supply Chain Business Essay The report consists of a project entitled Pillsbury: Customer Driven Reengineering undertaken as a part of the course curriculum for the subject Business Process Reengineering (BPR). As a part of this project, after reading the case, a discussion took place between all the group members so as to clearly identify the problem definition. As a next step, discussion of the various issues faced by Pillsbury were discusses followed by the evaluation of the efforts undertaken by it. Competitive pressures, technology advances, and demanding consumer preferences were causing all companies in the food industry to reexamine their operations and attempt to eliminate waste and inefficiency throughout the food chain. The Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) effort was a multi-industry project, ECRs goals were to reduce costs and drive inventory levels down throughout the system, while simultaneously enhancing capabilities to meet the needs of diverse consumer market segments. Pillsbury executives were unsure whether their company was prepared for the new ECR environment. So, this report basically includes the entire experience involved in undertaking the planning of BPR at Pillsbury and the various phases it went through during the transition and the challenge faced by it i.e. whether to go for a continuous improvement program having a short term view or a redesign of processes which was more futuristic. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To understand the practical implementation of BPR classroom concepts To understand the degree of complexity involved in planning BPR implementation To understand the importance of customer driven reengineering approach in order to adopt a pull strategy for the entire supply chain i.e. better matching Pillsburys purchasing, manufacturing, and distribution operations to consumers purchases To understand how to use the available resources in an optimum manner To understand the implications of a continuous improvement program Vs Redesign of processes. To understand the importance and criticality of various performance measures like ABC costing. COMPANY INTRODUCTION Pillsbury  is a brand name used by  Minneapolis-based  General Mills  and  Orrville, Ohio-based  J.M. Smucker Company. Historically, the  Pillsbury Company, also based in Minneapolis, was a rival company to General Mills and was one of the worlds largest producers of  grain  and other foodstuffs until it was bought-out by General Mills in 2001.  Antitrust  law required General Mills to sell off some of the products. General Mills kept the rights to refrigerated and frozen Pillsbury products, while dry  baking  products and frosting are now sold by Smucker under license. Leo Burnett  who created Pillsburys  Doughboy  and  Jolly Green Giant  considers them two of the agencys top five brand icons. ProdPack-Pillsbury-Cakemix-Small.jpg NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS Pillsbury once claimed to have the largest grain  mill  in the world at the  Pillsbury A Mill  overlooking  Saint Anthony Falls  on the  Mississippi River  in Minneapolis. The building had two of the most powerful direct-drive  waterwheels  ever built, each putting out 1200  horsepower  (900  kW). There are now plans to convert it into a loft-style apartment building. The Cunningham Group plans to convert six historic buildings to a mixed-use project varying from 6 to 27 floors in height. The project will include 895 units of housing and 175,000 square feet (16,300  m2) of commercial space, including the Pillsbury A Mill. HISTORY The company originated in 1869 when  Charles A. Pillsbury  bought a share in a Minneapolis flour mill. After the purchase of additional mills and the introduction of enhancements to the milling process, his firm was reorganized in 1872 as C.A. Pillsbury and Company. It was sold in 1889 to an English syndicate, which merged Pillsbury with other mills in their holdings to form Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Company, Ltd., with Charles Pillsbury as managing director. The Pillsbury family regained ownership of the company in the 1920s, and it was incorporated as Pillsbury Flour Mills Company in 1935. In 1972 Pillsbury began purchasing  Burger King fast-food outlets, and it soon came to own the entire chain. Through the  Green Giant Company, acquired in 1979, it began marketing canned and frozen vegetables and frozen prepared foods. It also acquired Hà ¤agen-Dazs, maker of premium ice cream and frozen yogurt, in 1983. Pillsbury was owned by British company Grand Metropolitan, PLC (renamed Diageo PLC) from 1989 to 2001, when  General Mills  acquired most of Pillsburys assets (Burger King remained as a separate division of Diageo until 2002). The Hà ¤agen-Dazs brand was marketed through a joint licensing agreement with  Nestlà ©Ã‚  and General Mills. PRODUCTS The company manufactures a wide variety of consumer food products under the Pillsbury brand, including frozen biscuits and rolls, breakfast foods, cookie dough, cake mixes, and snack foodhttp://s3.amazonaws.com/gmi-digital-library/8b86b131-cccf-4292-b584-d216cf00fdd7.jpgBiscuitsBreads Grands! ® Cinnamon RollsCinnamon RollsBuffalo Chicken Crescent PuffsReady To Bake! ® Partner BrandsStrawberry Marshmallow Pie Biscuits, pies, flour, pizza crust, cookies, crescents, cinnamon rolls and various partner brands like Green Giant and Cascadian Farm. CASE INTRODUCTION Pillsbury entered Customer Driven reengineering initiative expecting to achieve significant levels of cost reduction and efficiency. To its delight, it also discovered a new way to compete. Competitive pressures, technology advances, and demanding consumer preferences were causing all companies in the food industry to reexamine their operations and attempt to eliminate waste and inefficiency throughout the food chain. The Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) effort was a multi-industry project .ECRs goals were to reduce costs and drive inventory levels down throughout the system, while simultaneously enhancing capabilities to meet the needs of diverse consumer market segments. Pillsbury executives were unsure whether their company was prepared for the new ECR environment. The executives perceived that Pillsbury lacked several critical capabilities to win in this new environment. In 1991, Dan Crowley as Controller of Green Giant, had launched an activity-based cost (ABC) initiative to examine the groups high cost structure. The study revealed startling plant-to-plant variations in costs for essentially the same process, large dispersion of actual costs from the companys standard cost per case. In August 1993, Crowley and Slocumb took a BPR proposal to CEO, Paul Walshs, Strategy and Policy Group, which comprised the division presidents of Pillsburys major business units and the top functional department heads. The proposal identified a process which would complement Pillsburys existing strategic plan to achieve top quartile financial performance amongst its strategic peers. The case describes the various efforts undertaken by Pillsbury during this transition and the various phases of the reengineering problem detailing various activities undertaken in every phase. The major challenge faced has been a choice between redesign of processes or continuous improvement because the target set in the earlier stages seemed a bit too achievable in the later stages NEED FOR REENGINEERING Customers perceived Pillsbury as an average company, not the best, not the worst, and without much innovation. John Mann, Senior Vice President and General Sales Manager, and another newcomer to the Pillsbury senior management team, concurred with McWilliams assessment: We were viewed as a laid-back Midwestern company, one that found it difficult to create a sense of urgency.McWilliams felt that Pillsbury had to become a different company if it was to change the perception of customers. Pillsbury executives were unsure whether their company was prepared for the new ECR environment. The executives perceived that Pillsbury lacked several critical capabilities to win in this new environment. First, the company was still organized according to traditional functional lines: purchasing, operations, distribution, finance, and marketing and sales. This organization led to local excellence and optimization of the individual functions but not necessarily to the optimization of the entire value chain. Second, the companys financial measurements and performance measurement system reinforced local optimization. The food market had become fragmented and the majority decisions taken by the consumer were made in the retail environment diluting the effect of the brand image. Thus Pillsbury had another challenge to transform its arms length relationship with the retailers (transaction based) to relationship oriented. DRIVERS FOR BPR AT PILLSBURY Highly competitive environment. Pillsbury lacking the necessary capabilities to compete in such environment. Lack of optimization of the entire value chain. The need to transform the arms length relationship with the retailers. To have an Information system to enable fact based marketing To develop a customer driven supply chain i.e. transition from push to pull strategy of supply chain Eye opening results of activity based costings. The project team prepared the classic ABC whale curve which showed a few product lines producing all the profits, with the remaining SKUs either breaking-even or losing money. Based on the insights from the ABC analysis, Green Giant management closed about a half dozen plants and consolidated operations more efficiently in the remaining plants. Crowley then took on a broader finance role within Pillsbury as Operations Controller and extended the ABC analysis to many of the dough manufacturing plants. Pillsbury now had good insights about the cost drivers for its cost of goods sold. The weak link was developing comparable information for its warehouse, sales, marketing, and promotion expenses. It had no ability to trace these expenses to its customers so that it could produce individual customer PLs. Skepticism that TQM was delivering its promised benefits to the PL bottom line within a reasonable time frame. For example, an internal study compared companies known to have adopted TQM principles with a control sample of non- TQM companies. The study found no discernible difference in financial performance between the two sets of companies. PROCESS MAPPINGS VISION: Crowley and Slocumbs vision of a potential for 15% cost improvement (about $300 million) in a staid and mature food processing company was met with some understandable skepticism and disbelief. Despite that, Walsh and his management team provided to Crowley and Slocumb a modest budget and 90 days to develop a business case to determine whether a $300 million cost reduction was possible. Crowley was appointed to a new position, Vice President for Customer Driven Reengineering, and Slocumb became Vice President for Business Process Reengineering. The business case was to focus on cost and margin improvements in three major divisions: Pillsbury branded products, the Green Giant products, and the frozen pizza businesses. These businesses had $2.5 billion of sales in Fiscal Year 1994. Reengineering: Phase I The Pillsbury team selected a consulting firm to work with them to help build the business case. Three months of analysis led to identifying three core business processes that offered targets for improvement: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Customer Supply Chain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand Management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New Product Commercialization The Customer Supply Chain (CSC) was decomposed into three sub-processes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Total Customer Development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fast Flow Demand Replenishment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Value Based Sourcing and Supply The team then proceeded to identify the opportunities for process improvement within each of the three CSC sub-processes. C:UsersdellDesktop9-c89015168d.jpg C:UsersdellDesktop10-19289f286e.jpg Value Based Sourcing And Supply The third CSC sub-process, Value Based Sourcing and Supply, focused on Pillsburys extremely complex system of vendors and sourcing arrangements for its more than $500 million of raw material purchases. Historically, Pillsbury had reduced its material costs by exerting price pressure on its suppliers. Further gains from such price pressure were considered limited. The project team believed that more flexible and robust ingredient specification would allow them to select more efficient vendors, and that additional gains could be realized by leveraging vendor resources and knowledge. To gain these benefits, however, vendors would have to become partners with Pillsbury in a total cost reduction process. Cost savings from Value Based Sourcing and Supply were estimated at about $40 million (around 8% of purchases), plus savings in working capital reduction of about $14million. Outputs of phase 1: A business plan that promised margin improvements through cost reductions and revenue enhancements of more than $100 million, plus reductions in working capital of about $25 million. Reengineering: Phase II Phase II was launched in January 1994 to determine whether the business case developed in Phase I was feasible and realistic. About 25 Pillsbury employees, supported by the external consultants, spent four months analyzing customer data bases on more than 100 top accounts, conducted in-depth interviews with key customers and suppliers, and mapping and assessing the state of all existing internal business processes in the customer supply chain. The study of internal processes revealed highly complex, time-consuming processes with dozens of handoffs, and multiple recycling of requests for decisions and resource authorizations. The customer interviews revealed that important food retailers, wholesalers, and brokers were moving aggressively forward with plans for category management. Category management promised to give retailers far more effective management capabilities over their store shelf space allocations, SKU rationalization, and demographic marketing plans. The Phase II studies confirmed the vision established at the end of Phase I (see Exhibit 17) that reengineering the customer supply chain could provide upwards of $100 million in benefits. About half would come from working more closely with customers-adopting a more focused customer segmentation strategy, targeted marketing using local demographic information on consumer purchasing behavior, and exploiting store-specific cost and profitability information to promote the most profitable mix of brands and SKUs for both Pillsbury and the local store. The other half would come from better managing Pillsburys entire supply chain-from growers and other key vendors, through manufacturing, transportation and distribution to warehouses and individual stores. It needed to take activity-based costing (ABC) down to retail store level PLs. The old financial model calculated standard costs per case and produced product line PLs. The new model will measure activity-based costs of entire processes and give Pillsbury customer PLs. Service based pricing: shifting its pricing focus so that it can charge more for special services that some of our customers may desire but that others do not want. It can define a base level of service that everyone receives, with an explicit statement of what that includes. Major change in measurement: performance measurements will need to be driven by customers and consumers expectations THE CHALLENGE In June 1994, the Pillsbury team had completed the customer analysis and was ready to move into redesign. Before the meeting to present the findings and recommendations to the Integration Committee, Slocumb expressed some concern about the current set of recommendations. The business case to achieve $100 million in cost savings and margin enhancements was then credible. But the target may be too reachable. People may obtain the $100 million in cost savings from local process improvements, not from the complete redesign of its high-level business processes that were described in Phase I. the target of $100 million had come to be the objective rather than the fundamental redesign of our Customer Supply Chain. If we get $100 million in benefits, thats certainly a worthy goal, but it will not redefine the organization. We have a choice whether to be a company with a $25 stock price, or take the actions that will take us to a $50 stock price., Tom Debrowski, Senior Vice President of Operations and Chairman of the Integration Committee DECISION Pillsbury should be re-designing the organization around customer and consumer values to create a new and sustainable competitive advantage. It should strive to be the best in providing the freshest product at the lowest cost to retailers along with unique consumer insights from its superior information systems. It can achieve the $100 million without redefining the way they do business. But to achieve the $300 million, it will have to become a very different supply organization. It will have to get the supply chain to a high level of competitive fitness by getting cost savings that will make it more efficient than its competitors, and, then generating growth through its value-added consumer insights, getting the right product to the shelf at the right time at low cost to the retailers. The largest barrier for achieving this level of competitive fitness is introducing and managing change. Multi-skilled, multi-functional teams, including finance, need to be working with our customers. SOLUTION To achieve the $300 million improvements, Pillsbury needed to approach the organization with a completely open mind, to think the unthinkable. It will force it to think completely out of the box if they are going to achieve benefits of that magnitude. They need to stop managing individual functional departments, and begin to manage core operating processes. With the old model, the manufacturer, the distributor, and the retailer each attempts to optimize its own operations. The new way, through reengineering, should enable them to optimally source raw materials, convert to finished goods, distribute to trade customers, and sell to consumers in ways that minimize total system cost. By determining who can do each process in the chain most efficiently, it can let that process get done only once, at the most efficient site. That way it can eliminate waste from the system. REENGINEERING EVALUATION The success needs the following. The Analysis, Design and Prototype yielded the pain areas and laid out the broad road maps. But implementation needs the following to be successful Senior management must drive reengineering initiatives with a well-articulated vision that is appropriate for the situation. IT is an undervalued asset that can be tapped through reengineering to transform a company from a make-and-sell-oriented enterprise to a sense-and-respond-oriented enterprise. Successful implementation of reengineering projects requires the involvement and participation of the companys managers and employees. Consultants and outsourcing are important for various aspects of a reengineering project, but they are insufficient without the buy-in from managers and professionals in the organization. Business process can be streamlined or reengineered, but to change the long-term economic picture, a transformation initiative needs to encompass the reevaluation of communication systems and the sharing of intellectual assets. The organization should have a clear target in mind, whether it is to incorporate a continuous improvement philosophy or a complete redesign of processes. AFTER EFFECTS OF REENGINEERING EFFORTS During the last three years, the entire strategic direction of the company has changed. Selling off the flour mills was an epochal event. It was a major cultural shock to many people inside and outside the organization who thought of Pillsbury as a vertically-integrated flour manufacturing company. They have demonstrated that they can become a consumer-based company that is prepared to get out of operations that do not add value. An integration of the entire value chain was the target driven by the customers leading to a pull based strategy. Information systems were to enhance the communication capabilities to incorporate fact based marketing. Major cultural change was seen with the relationship with the customers transforming from merely an arms length relationship Major improvements in expenses and profitability were expected rendering Pillsbury with the capabilities required in such competitive environment. CONCLUSION The problems initially faced by Pillsbury required a complete redesign of the processes and not merely a continuous improvement effort. Thus the decision taken by the management to extend the target to $300 million was a correct decision if a long term view was to be considered. The major changes that were to incorporated as a result of this BPR effort were necessary for Pills burry to have the necessary capabilities to compete in the highly fragmented and competitive market. The reengineering effort was well planned in various phases describing the various considerations of each phase starting with the development of a business case followed by its feasibility analysis. The areas chosen for improvement were Customer Supply Chain Brand Management New Product Commercialization These areas provided great opportunity for integration of the entire value chain and to transform into a pull based value chain with the customer as the major driver. The efforts undertaken have led to great motivation amongst all the stakeholders and they believe that Pillsbury is not a laid back organization anymore. Their customers are enthusiastic about shifting from changing the way they do business together and are willing to endorse new relationships, such as service-based pricing. LEARNINGS The importance of manufacturer-retailer relationship in this highly fragmented market. The difference in continuous improvement efforts and redesign of processes How to approach a BPR problem in a systematic way demarcating the tasks to be done in a particular order in various phases. The importance of techniques like ABC Costing and the utilization of the revelations such techniques make

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Americans Take Their Education For Granted :: essays research papers

Americans Take Their Education For Granted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americans take their education for granted. Education has become one of the most important aspects of a person's. With seventeen years of formal education, a person can do almost anything he or she wants to do. Yet many in America take this for granted. Some American students today would rather not be in school. They would be much happier at home or going someplace with their friends. Once in school, many students forget why they are there—to get an education. Instead of going to classes, students might cut class or not even show up to school at all. I think our decreasing status as an economic super power can be attributed in part to the effects of this attitude. I believe there are two reasons behind this attitude--the lack of family values and the lack of responsibility taken by some of America's youth. Children often do not understand the value of the education they are receiving. Parents need to drill the importance of an education into their child's head. If children are not made aware of how meaningful school is, chances are they will fail when they are adults. Parents have to instill in their child the discipline and motivation it takes to do well in school. Parents have to teach their children that school always come first. Students need to put school on top of their priority list too. Parents also need to assure that their children understand their own responsibility to get their work done well and handed in on time. But parents can only do so much—ultimately it is the students who have to do the work. Children must learn to accept responsibility for the results of their own actions. Students will sometimes blame the teacher or others if they get bad grades. I have only one response for these students--the teachers aren't the

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Genetic Testing and Counseling in Pregnancy Essay

For many women, pregnancy is met with excitement. However, for a few couples, the pregnancy can take a completely different turn when the fetus is determined to be afflicted with Tay-Sachs disease. This is a genetic condition, usually found in Caucasians, and primarily those of Jewish descent, and develops in 25% of cases when both parents carry the recessive gene (National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases [NTSAD], n. d. ). Genetic counseling is a relatively new concept in healthcare and â€Å"is the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease† (National Society of Genetic Counselors [NSGC], 2005, para. 2). For the men and women facing a pregnancy involving Tay-Sachs, genetic counseling is a viable and important option to consider. However, to ensure quality care and education, genetic counseling needs to involve a team of healthcare professionals from a variety of backgrounds. Interdisciplinary Team Members and Their Roles in Genetic Counseling Appropriate members of a multi-disciplinary team for the Trosacks include a genetic counselor, a nutritionist or dietician, the high-risk OB-GYN physician, a registered nurse specializing in high-risk perinatal care, and a therapist specializing in marriage and family therapy needs. Each member of this team will add a unique perspective to the Trosack’s case. The genetic counselor has graduate-level education and experience in both medical genetics and counseling (NSGC, 2005, para. 1). Using her expertise and skills, she will review the medical history for Mr. nd Mrs. Trosack, and their families, identify other genetic risks that may exist and explain inheritance patterns. She will provide information and resources for further education on genetic disorders, so that they can continue to learn about Tay-Sachs and connect with other families facing the disease. In addition to this expert information, the Trosacks will benefit from a nutritionist or dietician. The nutritionist not only has special training in the area of nutrition, but also in educating patients about their options and making nutritious choices. In general, a nutritionist can â€Å"advise individuals†¦on the nutritional practices that will promote good health, [and] structure and recommend diet plans for whole families†¦including guides to the correct preparation of meals and shopping for the right foods (Princeton Review, n. d. ). He will perform a nutrition assessment, provide education on additional nutritional needs due to pregnancy, and even assist with meal planning to ensure a health pregnancy. He will continue to assess and make recommendations on Mrs. Trosack’s nutritional needs based on lab work throughout the pregnancy. The patient’s overall care is the responsibility of her OB-GYN, who specializes in high-risk pregnancies. A high-risk OB-GYN has a lengthy education, residency and fellowship history to gain knowledge in caring for older patients, patients with specific medical conditions and patients carrying a pregnancy that has been determined to need specialized care. The perinatologist is not only capable of making diagnoses other obstetricians may miss, but can also perform specialized procedures and administer medications across the placenta (â€Å"Perinatologists,† n. d. ). She will assess the medical needs of Mrs.  Trosack and the fetus throughout the pregnancy, monitor fetal growth and development, order diagnostic tests as needed, and provide referrals to other specialists as needed. Working with the physician will be a nurse specializing in prenatal clients. This nurse has chosen to expand on her nursing education, taking additional classes and obtaining certifications specific to perinatal care. He will assess the couple’s understanding of pregnancy and prenatal care at the first visit and make a plan to educate them on each stage of pregnancy and fetal development as well as options available during labor and delivery. Additionally, he will ensure the couple understanding for each test or referral suggested by the physician. Due to the nature of the diagnosis, the couple will also benefit from a marriage and family therapist on their team. The couple has already expressed exasperation over the diagnosis, and volley between denial and acceptance of the diagnosis. Additionally, Mrs. Trosack has already expressed guilt over her workload and its â€Å"affect† on the baby. Mr. Trosack has expressed anger, which can lead to resentment. The strong emotions felt by both parties need to be expressed in a healthy way to preserve their marriage, and a therapist specializing in family matters is an appropriate facilitator. She will meet with the couple together, as well as individually to assess their feelings about the pregnancy, the Tay-Sachs diagnosis and the feelings they have toward each other. The therapy sessions will continue after the birth of their baby, due to the nature of the disease and the stress the baby’s health will add to their lives. Teaching Plan for the Initial Visit  The teaching plan for the Trosacks’ initial visit at the high-risk pregnancy center will include the following:  ·Genetic diagnosis—The Trosacks need to understand the diagnosis of Tay-Sachs: how it is transmitted, the probability of other pregnancies testing positive, and what symptoms their child is likely to develop. This will help them to understand they have done nothing wrong and prepare for the special needs their child will have.  ·Treatment—No treatment exists for the disease itself, but the Trosacks will benefit from learning about the symptoms their child may develop and how those symptoms are treated. They will be informed of ways to keep their child safe and comfortable during the illness.  ·Prognosis as it applies to Tay-Sachs—The prognosis for infantile Tay-Sachs is poor, with most children becoming progressively worse until their death by age 4 or 5. The Trosacks need to be informed of this so that they can make preparations—for themselves and other family members. Because most children develop normally until around six months of age, the Trosacks need to know that an absence of symptoms does not mean an absence of the disease (NTSAD, n. d. ). They need to know that their time with this child will be limited and filled with doctor visits and difficult medical decisions. With this education and advanced notice, they can begin to discuss which treatments they may consider (medications) and those treatments they may not want to consider (feeding tube).  ·Support groups and appropriate referrals—With the Internet, the community of support for families with Tay-Sachs has greatly expanded. The Trosacks will be given information on local support groups as well as the internet communities available to them. They will be directed to the National Tay-Sachs and Allied Disease, March of Dimes and National Organization for Rare Disorders websites to connect with other families who are living with Tay-Sachs. This support will help the Trosacks connect with the only other people who know what they are going through, share their concerns without fear of judgment, and learn from those have gone through it all personally.  ·Pregnancy information—Information on pregnancy is necessary for any pregnant woman, especially during her first pregnancy. Over the length of the pregnancy, the Trosacks will learn about how pregnancy and fetal development progresses during each trimester, what changes Mrs. Trosack can expect—physically and emotionally, and ways in which Mr. Trosack can be of assistance to her. The first visit will specifically cover the development to date and through the end of the first trimester. They will view pictures of the developing fetus and the ways in which Mrs. Trosack’s body is changing to accommodate the pregnancy. Ethical Implications of Having Genetic Information Available While genetic testing is a wonderful addition to the vast array of diagnostics medicine now offers, it can bring about new ethical implications. In reference to autonomy, genetic testing can sometimes reveal information about one’s family that was not known. For example, a Caucasian family may be surprised to find they are carriers for Sickle Cell disease, a disease found primarily in African-Americans and can bring about questions regarding the family history. These discussions may lead to the ethical issue of perceived invasions of privacy for other family members. Another example would be the dilemmas that occur when there is a difference in societal believes and one’s personal beliefs. First, â€Å"persons with a genetic condition may prefer not to learn that their offspring is at risk for the condition, or they may prefer to have offspring with the same condition present in other family members† (Halsey Lea, Williams, & Donahue, 2005, para. 15). Secondly, some people may feel it is unjust to bring a baby with anomalies into the world. The results of genetic testing in these instances may necessitate decisions about continuing pregnancy, selective termination and adoption. A third example of ethical dilemmas in regards to genetic information being available is in relation to beneficence and nonmalificence. For example, clinicians caring for a pregnant patient find the baby she is carrying has spina bifida. The patient states her sister had spina bifida and that she wants to deliver her baby in the community hospital with a midwife. The clinician now must balance her respect for her patient’s wishes with the concern she feels in allowing a baby with special needs to be born in an environment that cannot provide services that may improve the birth’s outcome (Halsey Lea et al. 2005). A fourth ethical issue is that of justice. For, some genetic disorders can be found with testing while others still cannot. For example, â€Å"the ability to identify carrier status for a mutation in the gene for cystic fibrosis is lower among Asian American and African American persons† than it is in Caucasians (Halsey Lea et al. , 2005). Thus, the results of testing performed on an Asian American or African American patient may not be a reliable indicator of their carrier status. Personal Thoughts, Feelings and Advocacy As a woman, this writer cannot begin to imagine the feelings felt by the Trosacks. After years of trying to conceive, they learn that they are finally pregnant only to find out their baby is likely to die by age five from a horrible, progressive disease. If in Mrs. Trosack’s shoes, would this writer be brave enough to continue the pregnancy, knowing the prognosis? I do not know. I am sure, however, that the Trosacks have a difficult road ahead of them. If I were Mrs. Trosack, I would expect to feel a constant state of grief—over the diagnosis and the life my child will not have, the loss of those milestones parents look forward to (first day of school, first dance, etc), the impending months or years of illness. I would hope that I could treasure the better moments I do have with my child—from birth to death, holding her as much as possible, trying to focus on the symptom-free moments, taking as many pictures as I can to record her short life. I question how angry a woman would feel in this situation. Surely, even those women with strong religious beliefs question the â€Å"why† of the diagnosis and circumstance. â€Å"Why, after all this time allow me to conceive if you’re going to give me a child so sick? What is the point of bringing a child into life if they are to suffer throughout? Why us? † Would a woman facing this diagnosis feel as if everyone pities her? While reading the case study, I found myself feeling pity for her, knowing that she would lose her child in such a horrible way after wanting a child so badly. Despite these feelings, the Trosacks’ choice to continue their pregnancy is just that†¦their choice. Many people think that being pro-choice means advocating for abortion. However, it is my belief that being pro-choice means advocating for people to make the best choice for themselves in particular situations. For, only those going through a particular situation know best how well or poorly they can handle a decision and circumstance. Their decision to continue a pregnancy after the diagnosis was made is a brave one and speaks volumes to their character and beliefs. The Trosacks’ case manager will work with each member of the interdisciplinary team to ensure they respect the wishes of the couple. The couple needs to know that they are supported and are being treated without judgment from the team members. She will meet with the team members to ensure they are able to continue treating with couple appropriately. If any of the team members express an inability to refrain from sharing their personal feelings with the couple, she will find suitable replacements. While the team members are entitled to their feelings, they are expected to keep those feelings to themselves when caring for patients. And, when patients are facing emotional and controversial decisions, the separation is even more important. Ethical and Legal Considerations When the Trosacks made the decision to continue the pregnancy after learning their baby has Tay-Sachs, they became bound, legally and ethically, to care for the child after the birth. Ethical considerations include the decision to bring a child into a life of poor health and early death after a progressive decline. Many people in society will judge them for this, and the child will be perceived in certain ways by others. Further, they will be faced with the decision to allow researchers to follow their child in an effort to gain more information about the disease in search for a cure. The child has no autonomy as a minor, and has no right to privacy when her parents are making the decisions. Another ethical question is who owns the genetic information? The genetic information is on the child’s DNA, but the parents are the ones making all the decisions. Legally, there are several areas of concern for the couple. First, they are now bound to provide healthcare to this child, despite the poor prognosis. They must provide food, clothing and shelter, and keep the child safe and comfortable as she declines. The child will eventually develop problems with swallowing, and at that time, will require further interventions to maintain life. Secondly, they are required to provide medical care for the child; and, with the poor prognosis, this is likely to involve many appointments, testing and medications or treatments. Third, they may have problems with insurance coverage, as some insurance policies may consider the child’s diagnosis to be pre-existing, denying coverage for any treatments associated with the disease. Though this is certainly not ethical, it is legal in this country, and may lead to financial problems and difficulty in continuing to obtain quality medical care.